Germany reinforces medical cannabis rules while a higher quota eases supply pressure

Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) increases cannabis import limit to 192.5 tonnes for medical and scientific use, resuming approvals after exhausting the previous limit. BfArM had stopped approving imports in mid-September after reaching the original 122-ton limit.

• Federal ministries classify the MedCanG amendment as urgent for health protection and addressing the addiction risks and health hazards associated with cannabis flowers used for medical purposes; pending Commission confirmation may delay legislative process.
  • Petition urges Bundestag to halt changes to medical cannabis law, risking patient care and creating a two-tier healthcare system to provide healthcare for people in rural areas with difficulty accessing it.
  • Federal Cabinet plans to ban online delivery of medical cannabis, raising industry concerns about patient access and potential market collapse.
    • Doctors could only prescribe cannabis to patients after an initial in-person consultation, mail order sales of cannabis flowers would be prohibited, which could mean a collapse by half for the German medicinal cannabis market.
  • Federal Drug Commissioner Dr. Hendrik Streeck (CDU) wants to tighten cannabis regulations; advocates for separating consumer and medical use, banning mail order prescriptions, and emphasising youth addiction protection.
    • He confirmed that prescriptions have exploded since partial legalisation and that import volumes have increased by approximately 430%.
  • The German Association of Mail Order Pharmacies (BVDVA) is clearly opposed to the plans for amending the Medical Cannabis Act (MedCanG), standing for legally compliant and high-quality mail order pharmacies in Germany.
  • Social Democratic Party (SPD) ministers did not block the MedCanG amendment due to cabinet voting rules, despite criticism and calls for parliamentary changes.
    • Matthias Mieves, deputy health policy spokesperson for the parliamentary group, expressed concern about maintaining barrier-free access for patients who rely on cannabis for medical reasons, particularly those in rural areas.
      • He promised that the SPD will work to amend the draft law during upcoming negotiations to ensure patients receive treatment and care without bureaucratic hurdles or barriers.
  • Debate on cannabis prescription increases, highlighting need for quality control, telemedicine regulation, and more research in Germany‘s pharmacies.
    • Critics of the illegal cannabis market advocate for simplified legal access and appeal social supply, meaning the free-distribution of home-grown cannabis to friends in order to enhance legal cannabis distribution.
  • Medicinal cannabis regulations require personal doctor–patient contact; Doctors must consider the patient’s health status, individual medical conditions, and any other medications they are taking, either at the doctor’s surgery or during a home visit.
    • Ongoing education about addiction risk and the potential physical or psychological consequences of consumption is essential, as these can vary depending on the amount and duration of use.
    • Pharmacists advocate for mandatory consultations instead of a cannabis delivery ban to ensure patient access and safety for those in critical condition.
      • Pharmacist in Mönchengladbach accused of illegally dispensing prescription drugs and cannabis; indictment covers 315 cases from 2023-2024.
    • For Cansativa, the approval of the draft signals both opportunities and challenges: growing import volumes indicate rising demand, but restrictions on distribution channels and prescription processes continue to shape market access.
    • Cantourage is preparing for adjustments and expansion of its Telecan platform after the draft approval, as it already meets all the requirements of the professional code of conduct for physicians in Germany and has seen an increase in new registrations since the planned legislative changes were announced.
      • On September 10, the Düsseldorf Regional Court ruled that industrially manufactured dronabinol solutions, such as Cantourage‘s CAN 25 mg/ml, are finished medicinal products requiring marketing authorisation: exemption does not apply if pharmacies merely test, decant, and label the solution.
    • The German Association for Technical Inspection (TÜV) warns of safety risks from medical cannabis misuse, as the current prescribing practices for medicinal cannabis result in an increasing number of people driving with high THC levels.
• Germany seeks legal clarity for industrial hemp cultivation through the Industrial Hemp Liberalisation Act amid government changes and economic urgency.
  • EFSA received 152 comments on CBD safety; ongoing evaluations and more than 20 applications for CBD as novel food under review.
• According to the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE); a total of 65 research applications have been received, including 34 pilot projects with a total of 59 applicants.
  • Six cannabis model projects rejected by BLE: Sanity Group‘s pilot project applications temporarily denied due to legal scope issues.
  • Frankfurt‘s cannabis pilot project was rejected by the Federal Agency, seen as a missed opportunity to address black market and drug policy reform.
• In relation to Cannabis Social Clubs; There are actually 343 with a licence in Germany. NordRhein-Westfalen has the most clubs, while Bavaria has the least with only eight.
  • In the states of Brandenburg and Thuringia, first cultivation associations have received permits. Meanwhile, 4 Strains Social Club in Braunschweig celebrates its first cannabis harvest, marking a significant step in legal cannabis culture in Germany.
  • Cannanas software has been supporting CSCs in Germany for cultivation, management, and member engagement for one year already.

Market surveys point to patients being pushed toward alternative access when the system falls short, the public largely favours maintaining or improving medical access, and many “mixed” consumers are in fact using cannabis for health reasons.

• Survey by Bloomwell and DocCheck unveils reasons why patients turn to telemedicine. In a 500 GPs survey, 87.9% of patients were turned away when first approaching a doctor.
  • Main reasons for refusal include lack of experience 39.1%, categorical rejection of cannabinoids 41.1%, doubts about reimbursement 26.5%, and general reservations 55%.
• Survey by Canify: Therapeutic motivations dominate among “mixed” users. Sleep, stress, and pain as main reasons for consumption predominate in therapeutic use. Profiles of mixed users overlap with medically diagnosed patients, highlighting gaps in traditional pathways.
• Sanity Group survey inquiries public attitudes on medical accesss: 70% want to keep the status quo or improve access to medicinal cannabis: broad social support for availability.
• Four 20 Pharma presents **Curaleaf’**s CE-certified vape in Germany.
• Cantourage reports 148% revenue growth to €75 million in the first nine months of 2025, expanding in Europe despite regulatory challenges, focusing on innovation and market diversification to ensure patient supply and access.
• ENUA launches new budget brand Slouu.
• Grünhorn clinical patients numbers spiked 146% in the first year after legalisation, rising from 36,000 to 88,656, with an ongoing accelerating rate of growth, increasing to over 126,295.
• Apart from 3 licensed cultivators, four further companies have applied for cultivation licences. One of the applicants, German Cannabis Standards GmbH, has announced a €10 million financing round to build a 21,000 m² production facility.
• Tilray Craft introduces five new THC-rich cannabis flower products, emphasising quality and patient care in Germany‘s medical cannabis market.
• Canopy Growth launches Tweed brand in **Germany,** introducing four new cannabis strains through partnerships with EU cultivator Gro-Vida and distributor Cansativa.
• SYNBIOTIC reduces FY25 sales guidance from 30 to €17 million following regulatory headwinds.
• Breathe Life Sciences has got a secondary listing on Frankfurt, making investment access easier for stakeholders.
• Launch of limited-edition hybrid cannabis flower King Z by Mother Labs, marketed as Mother 24 KI-Z CAN by ADREXpharma in Germany.

A survey of physicians and users after legalisation found high efficacy of cannabis on pain among active users, but only 17% declared ever being prescribed medical cannabis, and 97% denied ever seeking medical counselling. Among 127 physicians, only 20% had experience with MC prescription.

• A study reviews German Cannabis Cultivation Associations, which face significant regulatory challenges under the Cannabis Act that impact their establishment and operations.
  • These challenges create substantial barriers to establishing and operating a CCA, limiting its potential for harm reduction, youth protection, and black-market displacement.

United States: Rescheduling Stalls as Hemp Battles Intensify and THC Beverages Surge into Mainstream Retail

President Donald Trump could still reschedule marijuana at any time even as the fate of hemp-derived THC hangs in the balance.

• Department of Health and Human Services ****(HHS) recommended rescheduling cannabis, undermining established criteria and failing to address significant concerns about its medical use and safety.
  • DEA‘s marijuana rescheduling process remains stalled despite promises from the new administrator to prioritise the issue, with no progress made.
    • Anne Milgram’s DEA faced criticism for no-bid contracts, delays in medical cannabis reform, and cronyism impacting patient care.
    • The Department of Justice concedes DEA‘s in-house court system unconstitutional, impacting **MMJ BioPharma’**s lawsuit and federal accountability across agencies.
• FDA considers petition on marijuana hair testing device’s reliability, highlighting risks of false positives from secondhand smoke exposure.
• The Accreditation Commission on Colleges of Medicine (ACCM) launches initiative to enhance medical cannabis access through partnerships with insurers and wellness organisations, benefiting millions of Americans.
• Supreme Court ruling expands RICO to include economic losses from mislabelled cannabis products, enhancing corporate accountability and expert witness roles.
  • Supreme Court to decide if federal gun ban applies to cannabis consumers after 5th Circuit Court ruling deemed it unconstitutional, following a case involving a Texas man.
• The US Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) enhances cannabis quality standards for medical use, ensuring safety and consistency through collaboration with stakeholders and research initiatives.
• U.S. Hemp Roundtable urges Trump to prevent a hemp ban that threatens the US$28.4 billion American hemp industry and jobs.
  • Congress members oppose hemp ban, urging regulations to protect the sector and safeguard jobs and consumers.
  • Judge blocks Ohio‘s hemp ban with a Temporary Restraining Order; hearing set for October 28 to consider plaintiffs’ case.
    • Ohio Governor Mike DeWine signed an executive order banning intoxicating hemp products containing THC due to rising poisoning reports.
  • A new bill in the state legislature would ban hemp-derived THC products in Wisconsin, while producers say it would destroy their businesses.
  • Alcohol companies increase lobbying on hemp THC beverages as Congress debates regulations and potential bans on these products.
• New York‘s Cannabis Control Board (CCB) overturned Southampton’s cannabis rules, declaring them illegal and setting a statewide precedent for cannabis regulation.
  • New York regulators move to punish Omnium Health Inc. for allowing unlicensed cannabis sales, risking permits and facing fines.
• California governor Gavin Newsom’s veto comes at a time when medical cannabis sales continue to shrink, and medical cannabis products have become ‘virtually extinct.’
  • Newsom signs AB 8 to regulate intoxicating hemp products and protect children from illegal sales in California.
    • California‘s new hemp regulations face criticism for potentially harming the legal market and complicating the regulatory landscape for businesses.
• Campaign to repeal Massachusetts‘ US**$1.6 billion** legal marijuana market aims to collect 100,000 signatures for November 2026 ballot.
• Pennsylvania bill allows terminally ill patients to use medical marijuana in hospitals, inspired by patient Ryan Bartell’s experience.
• Minnesota‘s cannabis cultivation lags behind demand, with only two licensed cultivators and ongoing challenges in the licensing process.
• Kansas officials conducted statewide raids on shops selling illegal marijuana and THC products, targeting health risks for teenagers.
• Florida court rules police can’t search vehicles solely based on cannabis smell, aligning Fourth Amendment protections with legislative changes.

Weekly U.S. wholesale cannabis price index including analysis of the state cannabis markets by cultivation method and product type; U.S. Cannabis Spot Index fell 2.9% to US**$1,166** per pound.

• Cannabis market continues to prioritise high THC potency, neglecting milder options that offer better experiences and health outcomes for consumers.
• Pre-rolls are becoming the dominant cannabis product; consistency in quality is essential for consumer trust and brand loyalty.
  • Over 190,000 marijuana possession arrests in 2024, comprising over 22% of all drug arrests, despite declining trends in recent years.
  • Seniors’ cannabis use increased by 46% from 2021 to 2023, driven by medical reasons and legal availability in many states.
• U.S. cannabis valuations have collapsed, yet select private and public companies continue expanding through discipline, strategy and resilience.
• New York‘s cannabis sales reached US$1.26 billion, setting a record of US$214 million in August 2025.
• Michigan cannabis sales fell 11.3% in September, impacted by a new 24% tax on wholesale marijuana and market saturation.
• Curaleaf increased its revolving credit facility to US$100 million with Needham Bank, marking a significant step in cannabis financing.
  • Curaleaf sues New Jersey over labour peace agreements, claiming penalties threaten its business viability and violate federal law.
• IM Cannabis signs term sheet to acquire 60% of a quantum computing bio data company for up to US**$54 million**.
• Target sells hemp-derived THC beverages in Minnesota amid evolving cannabis regulations; other companies like Home Depot and Amazon adapt policies.
  • Circle K will sell hemp-derived THC beverages nationwide in 2026, expanding its cannabis product offerings significantly across 3,000 stores.
  • Recess Drinks secures US$30 million in Series B funding led by CAVU, with Kyle Thomas joining as co-CEO, aiming to expand the relaxation beverage market.
  • STIIIZY launched high-dose hemp-derived THC seltzers and sodas, offering 10mg and 20mg options in various flavours nationwide.
  • cbdMD’s Herbal Oasis expands distribution in Florida through partnership with Bevtalk, targeting convenience stores and independent retailers.
  • Charlotte’s Web launched Knockout Hemp THC Sleep Gummies, enhancing its Brightside line for better sleep with fast-acting delivery technology.
  • JP Brand Advisors and Canopy USA partner to expand distribution of Wana‘s hemp-based beverages and gummies in the U.S.
  • CBD Life Sciences Inc. secures major order from Smoking Scholars, boosting CBD beverage expansion and projected revenue growth in Q4.
  • CannaBuzz, a THC beverage producer has made history as the first to join the Wine & Spirits Wholesalers of America.
  • VFW partners with Torch Drinks LLC to offer THC beverages, supporting veterans’ programmes and providing alcohol alternatives where legal to its 1.4 million members across the country.
• MariMed announces licensing agreement with Farm 2 Hand to distribute products in New York, expanding brand reach and revenue potential.
• Planet 13 opens a new dispensary in Pace, Florida, expanding its presence in the cannabis market with grand opening on November 22.
  • AYR Wellness opens its first indoor cultivation facility in Florida, enhancing product quality and variety for medical patients statewide.
  • Goldflower Cannabis partners with Doghouse Farms to bring high-potency cannabis strains to Florida, enhancing local cannabis offerings.
• Curio Wellness acquires four Greenlight dispensaries in Missouri, expanding its retail presence and enhancing operational capabilities in the region.
• Field-testing cannabis phenotypes for hash production during Humboldt Seed Company‘s 2025 phenohunt in Northern California‘s cannabis farms.
• Carmelo Anthony and Skyworld build a trust-first cannabis collab called Hall of Flame, prioritising authenticity, data and discipline.
• The Tuscaora mill could provide hemp fabric for US Navy Uniforms.

Need for coordinated cannabis policy, safety standards, and education for patients and providers amid fragmented regulations and federal classification.

• Night break method reduces cannabis yield while saving energy; control group shows higher biomass and cannabinoid production.
  • Identified and characterised 16 hemp varieties for agronomic traits, focusing on flowering time, seed shattering, and yield stability in **Missouri’**s production region.
  • Genetic sequencing is transforming cannabis breeding, merging traditional practices with technology for improved cultivars and consumer experiences.
  • Gabriella Fioravanti leads projects at Kander Research Group, focusing on applied hemp science and bridging lab innovation with industry applications.
• Cannabis use among individuals with psychosis increased by 9.53% after recreational cannabis legalisation, exceeding general population trends.
  • Over 20% of US young adults use cannabis or alcohol to initiate sleep, with cannabis being more common than alcohol.
  • Organised sports participation lowers mental health diagnoses and moderates cannabis use effects among college students, promoting overall well-being.
  • Significant genetic associations identified for cannabis lifetime use, particularly linked to the CADM2 gene and related behaviours.
• Cannabis use increased significantly among U.S. adults, while cigarette use continued to decline across demographics; Cannabis-only use increased from 3.9% to 6.5% in 2015–2019, was 7.1% in 2020, and increased again from 7.9% to 10.6% in 2021–2023
  • Binge drinking and cannabis use influence each other during emerging adulthood, particularly between ages 18-21 and 24-25 years.
  • Increased cannabis use for chronic pain during COVID-19, especially among younger, Hispanic/Latino individuals with higher income levels.
  • CBD and BCP combination shows synergistic effects in reducing chronic pain and depression in a mouse model.
• Medical cannabis laws (MCLs) are associated with reduced opioid prescribing rates among commercially insured patients. This includes fewer individuals receiving opioid prescriptions and smaller average quantities prescribed.
• Developed a 25-term aroma lexicon for Cannabis sativa, enhancing sensory differentiation and consumer understanding of cannabis aromas; Future research should incorporate a slightly modified lexicon, for instance with culinary herbs, camphorous, grassy, pine, and sandalwood descriptors in place of herbal and woody.
  • Breakthroughs in cannabis aroma science focus on volatile organic compounds, enhancing quality through advanced breeding, cultivation, and preservation techniques.
• Cannabis Bioscience International Holdings, Inc announces a patent-pending nanoemulsion formulation to enhance female fertility, targeting women over 35 with advanced reproductive solutions.

Australian Industry Faces Regulatory Tightening from TGA Consultation as Import Bottlenecks Develop

Australia‘s medicinal cannabis import quota for 2025 is nearly full; The International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) lowered Australia’s 2025 cannabis import quota from 101 tonnes to 88 tonnes, causing delays due to unused permits and over-forecasting by companies.

• Australian cultivators challenge ODC cannabis import data, citing inaccuracies and calling for a fair competitive landscape in the industry.
• TGA reviews over 750 submissions for medicinal cannabis regulation.
  • Australia‘s medical bodies showed indifference to the cannabis sector’s call for regulatory reform collaboration, except for one college’s willingness.
    • Australian Medical Association (AMA) president criticises telehealth for poor patient care, urging regulatory reforms for medicinal cannabis prescribing and oversight.
    • Pharmacy Board urges pharmacists to refuse dangerous high-THC cannabis prescriptions amid rising concerns over patient safety.
  • The Australian Medicinal Cannabis Association (AMCA) and the Medicinal Cannabis Industry Australia (MCIA) call for a collaborative reform process to keep patient access stable, improve product quality and labelling, and strengthen practitioner education.
    • A registration pathway for medicinal cannabis would provide a ‘viable solution’ in driving up product quality.
    • Cannabis Council Australia (CCA) opposes prohibition, advocating for reform and improved access to medicinal cannabis despite AMA’s calls for tighter restrictions, calling for new product approval approach and real-world evidence database.
    • Montu and Penington reject AMA‘s call to restrict category 5 medicine prescribing, emphasising science and public health concerns.
• Australia‘s hemp regulation efforts stall due to unclear guidelines, risking industry growth and investor confidence in pet nutrition.
  • Australia‘s hemp regulation faces delays, causing industry uncertainty and potential financial losses for pet nutrition businesses and farmers.

Pastilles have surpassed oil as the second most prescribed dosage form for medicinal cannabis among the 18-44 age group.

• Between 2021 and 2024, Australia‘s flower and extract markets underwent remarkable expansion, with flower import volumes rising to 77.4 tonnes, with annual growth rates of +247%, +79%, and +74% in 2024; a CAGR of approximately 122% over three years.
• Cannim enters voluntary administration, pausing new patient registrations and disrupting UK operations; founder John Worton aims to buy and revive the company despite financial difficulties.
• Heavy cost cutting enabled Cannatrek to return to profitability in the 2025 financial year despite a second year of revenue decline.
• ECS Botanics pursues B2C shift, with revenues growing 21% QoQ to $A3.2 million, 56% of revenue compared to B2B, while total revenue reached A$5.7 million.
  • ECS Botanics expands into Europe, launching TerpHogz, capturing over 50% revenue from its own product line in under a year and ranking in top ten Australian cannabis brands.
• Bioxyne reports record revenue over A$14 million but faces increased cash flow deficit due to significant cannabis flower investment, as they just listed in Frankfurt.
• PharmaCrop launched its first product line after upgrading the former Tikun facility with over A**$10 million** investment.
• Little Green Pharma reported A$10 million in Q1 revenue, up 10%, with strong growth in Australia and Germany.
• Chemist Warehouse has emerged as the frontrunner to acquire Astrid Dispensary one of the first medicinal cannabis dispensaries.
• Golden Days Cultivators lead grower Angus Murray learns from Canadian cannabis practices to enhance local cultivation and culture in South Australia.

Canadian Market Sales Grow Modestly as International Focus Faces Policy Headwinds and Price Compression

Employees at 20 cannabis and liquor stores in B.C. join a five-week strike for better wages and working conditions. British Columbia General Employees Union (BCGEU) shutdown negatively impacts independent businesses like Nextleaf Solutions.

• British Columbia resumes cannabis operations after a tentative agreement ends an eight-week strike involving 25,000 public service workers.
  • Outdated cannabis regulations in B.C. hinder industry growth, job creation, and interprovincial trade; modernisation needed for competitiveness.
  • Investor optimism in cannabis stocks rises due to stronger fundamentals, U.S. policy changes, and growth in international markets like Germany.
• Retailers for Enforcement is calling on the Ontario government to take action against a surge of illegal storefronts and unlicensed online sellers in the province.
• Fixing the cannabis excise stamp could reduce interprovincial trade barriers, highlighting a simple policy win in Ottawa.

Canadian cannabis sales reached C$498.7 million in August, marking a 1.4% increase from July and 0.9% year-over-year growth. Sequential growth also rose on a per-day basis, as August and July had the same number of days.

• July sales were revised upward from C$485.0 million to C$491.8 million. Year-over-year growth of 0.9% was down from 8.3% in May and 7.5% in June.
  • It also declined from August 2023’s 20.3% growth rate but exceeded the prior lowest annual growth rate since legalisation, negative 0.9% in September 2024.
  • Growth was substantially lower than December’s 9.1%. In 2024, total sales increased 4.5% to C$5.39 billion and are up 4.5% so far in 2025..
• According to the Global Cannabis Exchange (GCX) European cannabis market faces price compression, regulatory shifts, and increased competition, particularly driven by the German market’s growth.
  • Telemedicine limits in several countries, GACP standards update, redefining how labs test and EU-GMP compliance works across jurisdictions, pose a challenge for international processors and intermediaries.
• Cannabis use in Quebec declines to pre-pandemic levels, while SQDC sales increase despite slight decrease in consumption rates. Cannabis use in Quebec decreased from 18% in 2024 to 17% in 2025, particularly among 15–20 year-olds.
• Village Farms International announced a packaging innovation featuring a built-in matchbook on its “SuperToast Animal Mintz Slims” pre-rolls.
  • The company aims to lead Canada’s cannabis convenience segment, which accounts for 55% of national sales.
  • The product quickly became the #2 new pre-roll by sales and #1 by units sold at the Ontario Cannabis Store.
    • The innovation aligns with Village Farms’ strategy to drive growth through ready-to-use, portable cannabis products.
  • Village Farms launches a one-way aroma valve in cannabis packaging, enhancing consumer experience by allowing scent preview without opening the package.
• Cronos Group launches SOURZ by Spinach; Fully Blasted Multipacks, offering new flavours and enhanced consumer convenience in Canada.
  • The Boston Beer Company launches Emerald Hour THC gummies in Canada, expanding its non-alcoholic cannabis cocktail product line.
  • Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis (AGLC) launches ‘4 in 20’ campaign to educate Albertans on cannabis through expert Q&As and social media videos.
• Cannara Biotech achieves DTC eligibility, enhancing U.S. investor access and completes debt-to-equity conversion with Olymbec Investments.
  • Cannara proposes to settle C$6.2 million debt via share issuance to Olymbec, subject to TSXV approval and related party transaction rules.
• Ayurcann reports US$55.4 million revenue growth, with increased B2C sales and decreased net losses for the year ending June 2025.
• Avant Brands reported Q3 2025 revenue growth, achieving positive adjusted EBITDA for the eighth consecutive quarter amid strong demand.
• Canopy Growth dedicates DOJA facility in Kelowna for medical cannabis exclusively for Spectrum Therapeutics patients, enhancing its medical market commitment.
  • Aurora Cannabis former facility in Saskatchewan proposed as potential AI data centre, leveraging existing infrastructure and power capabilities.
• BZAM group and several affiliates filed for bankruptcy; BZAM Ltd. and others exited CCAA, continuing operations as going concerns.
• Sensi Brands Ltd. recalls Wintermint and Cinnamon Chillows due to inaccurate THC levels posing health risks to consumers.
• RAMM Pharma Corp. updates on Canada Post strike affecting mailing of meeting materials.
• Alberta‘s first cannabis farmgate store, Gorilla Garden Supplies, is set to open on November 1, 2025, selling unique products.
• Akanda Corp. extends cannabis investment option in British Columbia, focusing on THC and CBD cultivation over the next two years.
• Mera Cannabis obtains CCAA protection and appoints EY as Monitor while facing C$87.6 million in debt. The company has appointed a CRO to lead restructuring efforts.
  • Adastra Holdings completed the sale of subsidiaries for C**$4 million**, strengthening its balance sheet and streamlining operations.
  • Kinloch Investors demand answers from Dwayne Stewart regarding unpaid awards, asset transfers, and ongoing litigation related to BC Hop Company.

Canadians widely support cannabis growth, viewing it as an economic opportunity and integral to society seven years post-legalisation.

• Higher FAAH levels in cannabis-tobacco co-users correlate with increased tobacco exposure, impacting endocannabinoid system dysregulation and mental health.
  • LED interlighting enhances cannabis yield and cannabinoid uniformity, outperforming traditional HPS lighting in controlled environments.
  • Bidirectional relationships between cannabis use and internalising symptoms vary by sex, severity, and type of cannabis measurement.
  • Medical cannabis use is associated with increased heart failure-related emergency visits and hospitalisations, especially in older male patients.

Spain Legalises Medical Cannabis Access Through Hospital Prescribers and Pharmacies

Spain legalised medical cannabis with the government approval and publication of **Royal Decree 903/2025**: standardised extracts approved for hospital pharmacy dispensation addressing conditions where conventional treatments fail and allowing specialist prescriptions in hospitals under strict safety and oversight measures.

• Pharmacists criticise limiting medical cannabis dispensing to hospital pharmacies, advocating for access through community pharmacies for chronic patients.
• Medical cannabis approved for hospital use; specific ailments not listed; specialists can prescribe; regulations on THC and CBD established.
• CatFAC opposes the draft tobacco law, advocating for regulated private smoking clubs as a balanced public health measure.
  • Drug traffickers in Catalonia use advanced techniques to triple marijuana production, including genetically modified plants and hydroponic systems.
  • CBD shop La Otra María faces excessive police raids, leading to product seizures, legal challenges, and potential closure by 1 January 2026.

Spain‘s medicinal cannabis sector, with 70 companies and €148 million in assets prepares for medicinal cannabis access, with Medalchemy (Curaleaf) and Linneo Health best positioned to supply the access scheme after a 9-month process for product registration.

• Despite new regulations allowing limited domestic access, Spanish medical cannabis companies will continue to export over 90% of their production, approaching 10 tonnes in 2025.
• Ondara has signed its first commercial contract to sell medicinal cannabis to ADREXPharma in Germany, ensuring stable income and production from 2026 and planning workforce expansion for increased production capacity.
• The Beemine Lab launches an investment round as it eyes Spain’s medicinal market and manufactures CBD products for third parties like Herbolario Navarro.
  • The Beemine Lab aims to be Spain‘s first authorised medicinal cannabis distributor by 2026, following new government regulations.
• Profesor CBD leads its fifth investment round with projected revenues of €1.2 million in 2025 and a strong base of 110,000 clients (80% in Spain) across 13 countries.
  • After four rounds in 2018 (€25.5K), 2020 (€250K), 2022 (€1M), and 2024 (€320K), the company plans to lead the market following Spain‘s anticipated medicinal cannabis law.
• **The Cutis Lab **launches CBD-infused cosmetics for sensitive skin, focusing on transparency, efficacy, and natural ingredients in pharmacies.
• Votum World reported sustained growth, achieving a 31% increase compared to Q3 2024. Its ‘SOS by Happy Pets’ line grew by 130%, becoming the fastest-growing segment, and the new product Cronidol exceeded sales forecasts.
  • The company advanced its first hospital drug project with CDTI Innovación, restructured its team across operations, supply chain, and commercial areas, and optimised its financial structure.

Cannabis use among Catalan high school students dropped from 30% in 2004 to 17% in 2024, reflecting significant decline.

• CRAG developed TILLCANN, a platform enhancing genetic diversity in cannabis for improved medicinal and industrial crop applications.
• Absence of CB1 receptor during embryonic development disrupts prefrontal cortex formation, affecting neuron migration and leading to neuropsychiatric disorders.

United Kingdom Sees Sustained Private-Led Growth Despite Prescriber Training Gaps

‘We, The Patients’ expands medicinal cannabis discussions to Bern and London, fostering collaboration between patients and healthcare professionals.

 Cannabis-based medical products prescriptions rose 130% from March 2023 to March 2024, primarily in private healthcare settings, according to a review of Cannabis Based Medical Products by the General Pharmaceutical Council (GMC).

• Less than 1% of the UK’s approximate 100.000 doctors on the GMC Specialist Register have the training required to prescribe medical cannabis. As women struggle to find treatment for their pain, more are turning to medical cannabis for help.
• Financial collapse in the cannabis industry leaves clinics in limbo and patients facing disrupted access to care;
  • Following Cannim Group’s collapse into administration on 27 October, its UK subsidiary Lumir Clinic, were directly affected.
    • The clinic paused new patient enrolments and notified the Care Quality Commission (CQC) due to doubts around safe prescribing and funding.
  • Financial filings for Cannim Ltd (UK) showed limited liquidity, with £142,880 in assets against £311,353 in total liabilities, while the wider group faced debts including A$4 million owed to a secured creditor.
• Alternaleaf launches UK‘s first women’s health cannabis service, offering a safer alternative to opioids for chronic pain management.
• Medecan has received CQC approval to operate as a specialist medical cannabis clinic in the UK, enabling service delivery.
• Goodrays launched Re:Focus, a functional drink with lion’s mane, magnesium, and electrolytes, now available at major UK retailers.
  • Grand Designs featured hempcrete prominently, boosting its visibility and promoting sustainable construction in architecture globally.
• CannHealth successfully passed the MHRA GMP inspection, indicating compliance with good manufacturing practices for cannabis cultivation.
  • PHCANN launched its PHCANN Exotics line in the UK with 32% THC Black Amber.
  • SNDL launches in the UK through 4C Labs, marking international expansion.
  • Cannerald partners with Pharmaserv for GMP conversion and UK distribution, enhancing European patient access to medical cannabis products.

Genome-wide studies reveal genetic links between cannabis use, dependence, and related psychiatric disorders across diverse populations.

• Prescribed cannabinoids significantly improve sleep quality and reduce sleep medication use among patients with chronic conditions.

Poland Mobile Clinic Brings Consultations to Patients

The Minister of Health states that no impediments on Polish-grown medical cannabis exist, citing businesses role in bringing products to market. He does not have a timetable for activities to authorise domestic dried hemp for pharmaceutical marketing.

• Cannabis decriminalisation petition returns to Petitions Committee; government shows no intention to change current regulations despite public support, leading to further debate in specialised committees on regulations.

First Mobile Clinic initiative in Poland launched by Canopy Growth. Mobile clinics bring consultations directly to patients, eliminating the need for restricted digital platforms.

• According to Dr. Jacek Tomaszewski, medical cannabis is mainly used by adults aged 45–70 with chronic, neuropathic, oncological, or joint pain, and by younger patients (30–55) with conditions like multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, or migraine.
  • Vaporized dried cannabis offers fast pain relief, reducing pain intensity by about 30% and enabling up to 39% of patients to stop opioid use.
  • The risk of psychological dependence is relatively low (9–10%), and treatment costs range from 600 to 1,200 zł per month, excluding medical consultations and equipment.
• New strain Gelato33 by Cantourage, 26% THC, available in Polish pharmacies by late October 2025, promising therapeutic effects.
  • New shipment of Mac 1 cannabis variety from Cantourage available in pharmacies by week’s end, expiry date April 2026.
• The Management Board of Cosma S.A. announced the fulfilment of the conditions precedent under the conditional strategic cooperation agreement entered into with Canpoland S.A.
• Cannabis Poland abandoned its pharmaceutical plant project, renaming THC Factory to Certis Pharma, focusing on packaging and importing medical cannabis.
  • Cannabis Poland secures minimum 200 kg supply deal for 25 % THC medical cannabis. Swiss partners to deliver in four cycles, Polish firm as MAH and distributor.
    • European Strategic Partners International (ESPI) agreement signed with Cannabis Poland for the cultivation and production of medical hemp, dated 23 October 2025.
• Canna Gold Sp. z oo has achieved GACP certification, complying with EU guidelines for plant-derived starting materials as of October 2025.

Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) causes severe vomiting in long-term cannabis users; treatment requires complete cessation of cannabis use.

Netherlands Balances Regulatory Tolerance and Control

Around 563 coffeeshops operate in 103 municipalities, reflecting a stable market but one still constrained by outdated supply laws: only 10 municipalities get legal supply.

• Politically, momentum is shifting; the number of Tweede Kamer seats held by pro-legalization parties has grown by 25% to 91 out of 150, with a 43-seat majority in the Eerste Kamer, signaling stronger support for reform.
• The VOC published a new overview showing that ten political parties taking part in the last Dutch general elections endorsed the full legalization of cannabis.
  • The VOC note that the roughly 1.1 million cannabis users in the Netherlands can reference the overview to see which parties align with their interests.
• CannaStemBus travelled Netherlands Oct 20-27 to promote cannabis legalisation in elections, visiting cities to engage consumers, businesses, and politicians on the issue.
  • Cannabis legalisation is a political choice, not solely based on scientific data; parties use research to justify their beliefs.
• Number of tolerated coffeeshops stabilises: 103 municipalities have policies, with 563 total shops reported by end of 2024. In 2024, 563 Dutch coffeeshops exist, 26% allow takeaway; municipalities plan policy adjustments and monitor impacts.
  • Municipal policies on coffee shops in the Netherlands remain largely unchanged, with some municipalities planning future revisions and permit adjustments.
    • The Labour Party (PvdA) wants tourists banned from coffeeshops in the Amsterdam city centre after the municipal elections.
    • The party previously opposed this, but has made a U-turn in its draft election manifesto. Also noteworthy: the party considers ‘smaller-scale’ venues a possible alternative to the erotic centre in Zuid.
    • CDA Amsterdam-Zuid requests enforcement against coffeeshops ignoring online advertising ban for soft drugs targeting minors.
    • **Nijmegen’**s mayor rejected relaxed coffee shop rules pending results of a cannabis trial to assess potential impacts and risks.
    • Coffeeshop Cool faces eviction due to family dispute, risking closure amid Eindhoven‘s coffee shop shortage and permit challenges.
• Surge in dangerous fake THC vapes among schoolchildren, causing severe health issues and prompting warnings from health authorities and experts.

Cannabis experiment highlights choice stress, packaging issues, and unique access to regulated cannabis in select European municipalities.

• **Fluence’**s lighting solutions are used by 6 out of 10 growers in the Cannabis Experiment, enhancing cultivation for licensed growers and ensuring product quality.
• Dutch Design Week showcased innovative hemp projects, highlighting sustainable design and materials across various exhibitions in Eindhoven.

Colombia Approves Medical Flower Sales in the Pharmacies

The Colombian government has approved for the first time the sale of dried flower cannabis for medicinal and veterinary use in pharmacies under prescription, through Decree 1138 of 2025.

• Patient access remains extremely limited: only about 0.002% of the potential population (≈ 1,000 patients) currently use medicinal cannabis in Colombia, highlighting a major gap between regulation and real-world access.
• The UN’s Human Rights Council’s latest resolution on drug policy, presented by the Colombian ambassador, marks a turning point by reaffirming that drug control is a human-rights issue, and calling for person-centred, inclusive, and accountable approaches.

Kannabyte exports CBG kief to Europe, marking a significant milestone in cannabis industry development and international trade.

• PharmaCielo announced the closing of the sale of its La Margarita property in Carmen de Viboral, Antioquia, Colombia, to Flores El Capiro S.A.
• Colombia scales up medical cannabis: Medcann Pharma leads with 34 registered strains, 24 hectares, and sustainable low-carbon greenhouses for global production

Panama Issued Medical Cannabis Product Registration Rules

 Panama’s Ministry of Health issued regulations for medicinal cannabis, requiring medical prescriptions and specific application criteria for products.

Tilray Medical expands operations into Panama through a joint venture with Top Tech Global Inc. for medical cannabis distribution.

Brazil Medical Sales Continue to Surge

National Agency of Healh Surveillance (ANVISA) banned eight unregistered cannabis products from Golden CBD Plus and other medications due to lack of authorisation and registration.

• ANVISA prohibits all cannabis products from CBfarma due to lack of proper authorisation and registration for commercialisation.
• ANVISA discusses cannabis regulation after the government requests a 180-day extension for publishing cultivation rules.
  • Between delays and excuses, the new ANVISA board calls for talks with patient associations and considers setting a THC limit above 1%.

Cannabidiol sales in Brazilian pharmacies surged over 70%, with **ANVISA’**s review expected to further boost market growth and access.

• Campos illustrates this potential with retail data. “The pharmaceutical market in Brazil has around 100,000 active pharmacies. The CBD molecule is present in fewer than 25,000. There are 50,000 prescribers and despite under 25,000 pharmacies providing it, under a quarter of national figures.”
• CR Wellness partners with Cookies to launch premium cannabis wellness products in Brazil, expanding access to therapeutic alternatives.
  • Brazil represents a powerful step in Cookies’ growth; it is a country where music, street culture, and community celebration are deeply ingrained in everyday life.
• IPT opened a R$18M ($3.4M) research centre in São Paulo for biotech and medicinal cannabis.

The Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC) study on cannabis and exercise shows promise for early-stage Parkinson’s patients, ensuring safety and participant adherence so far.

Switzerland’s Successful Pilot Projects Pave the Way for Broader Access

Zurich extends cannabis sales pilot to 2028; positive feedback from participants, while Valais shows resistance to legalisation efforts.

• At the federal level, a legislative consultation is underway envisaging strictly regulated non-medical adult use: non-profit sales, high control of production/supply, THC-taxation to steer towards less-harmful products, and zero tolerance for driving under influence.
• Over 2,300 people are enrolled in the Züri‑Can pilot in Zurich, which has registered ~88,000 legal cannabis sales totalling ~750 kg and diverted ~CHF 7.5 m from the black market.
  • In that project, more than 90% of participants reportedly stopped buying on the illicit market after one year.
• In the La Cannabinothèque pilot in Geneva (launched December 2023) 1,475 of 1,500 slots were filled, and feedback from participants on product quality and health-promotion was “excellent”. –
  • In Cann‑L in Lausanne around 1,200 people participate; the city estimates about CHF 1 million per year is being shifted away from the illegal market.
  • Products supplied tend to be lower-THC (5–9%) and guaranteed “no pesticides/additives”.

Pharmaserv adds six new GMP-certified products that comply with European Pharmacopoeia standards, expanding its portfolio.

• Canexis Pharma AG is building a cannabis oil production facility, requiring GMP licensing, supported by gempex for compliance and validation.
• Pacrim Group acquires majority stake in **Medropharm AG,** enhancing Swiss medicinal cannabis value chain and regulatory compliance capabilities.
• T.H.Seeds and Metamount Switzerland selected four top medical-grade cultivars after a rigorous Pheno Hunt over two years.

France’s 2026 Budget Proposal Imposes 26% Tobacco Tax on CBD Flowers

2026 budget proposal would tax CBD like tobacco, restricting sales to licensed tobacconists, raising concerns for industry competitiveness and legality.

• Proposed 2026 finance bill would impose 25.7% tax on hemp flowers, threatening French hemp sector’s competitiveness and livelihoods of producers.
  • Planned taxes on CBD in France could lead to business closures, job losses, and increased consumer prices, harming public health.
  • Petition against proposed tax increases on CBD in France, risking industry collapse and job losses, harming consumers and public health.
• Synthetic cannabinoids pose serious health risks; authorities report increased poisonings and urge vigilance among consumers and retailers.

La Tête Française cultivates local, transparent CBD in Lyon, ensuring quality through controlled production and community engagement initiatives.

• Silent Seeds won 13 cannabis trophies in two years, including double victories at Spannabis 2025, establishing industry leadership.
• Nobilis has been innovating and redefining CBD products for seven years, enhancing quality and consumer experience in the market.
• Veed THC gummies offer a smoke-free, measured, and enjoyable cannabis experience, available in various dosages and formats.
• Maison Sativa focuses on controlled CBD production in Switzerland, emphasising quality, transparency, and expansion across France.
• Cannaflos Genetics announces first export of cannabis genetics to France, marking a significant milestone for the company.

Israel breaks international trade records

Israel‘s medical cannabis exports and imports are breaking records: patient numbers stabilise around 135,000 as of September 2025.

• Total January–September exports: 7.47 tonnes, breaking 2024 annual record of 4.8 tonnes, with up to 2.75 tonnes in July and 2.19 in August. Green Fields, Israel largest greenhouse, is the main exporter focusing on the German market.
• Total January–September imports: 21.38 tonnes, putting Israel on pace to break the 2024 annual import record of 24.5 tonnes, with up to ~6.5 tonnes in August, far above the previous monthly record of ~4.4 tonnes (December 2024).

Study reveals that several common cannabis terpenes (including α-pinene, limonene, β-caryophyllene and myrcene) are capable of activating the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) in vitro.

• The authors show that terpene-induced CB1R activation was dose-dependent, and could be blocked by a CB1R antagonist, supporting receptor specificity.
• They observed that combinations of terpenes did not simply summate their individual effects, suggesting possible modulatory interplay rather than additive agonism.
• Inconsistent international regulations challenge licensed medical cannabis users travelling abroad, necessitating improved guidelines and support for patient mobility.
• A JAMA Network Open study established six core competencies for teaching medical cannabis in medical education, adressing the widespread lack of physician preparedness to guide patients.
  • The framework covers understanding the endocannabinoid system, cannabis pharmacology, legal and regulatory issues, evidence-based indications, potential risks, and clinical management.
• Israeli researchers at Ben-Gurion University and Soroka Medical Center have created a clinical roadmap for prescribing medical cannabis to older adults, highlighting its potential to reduce use of opioids and sedatives.
  • In a study of 184 patients (median age 82), 85% reported meaningful symptom improvement after six months, mainly in pain, sleep, and appetite, though about one-third experienced mild adverse effects such as dizziness or fatigue.

Portugal’s EU-GMP Capacity Expands Despite Export Bottleneck

Pharmacists play a crucial role in dispensing medicinal cannabis, ensuring safety, efficacy, and patient guidance amid legal challenges.

SOMAI achieves CE certification of AIRO Brands inhalation device, expanding into European and Australian markets simultaneously.

• AceCann received EU-GMP I & II certification from Infarmed, marking a significant milestone in becoming Europe‘s trusted medical cannabis company.
• Nau Verde aims to establish Portugal‘s first industrial wet-spinning unit for hemp, creating 250 jobs and investing over €100 million.
• Canna.biz achieved a significant milestone as their first EU-GMP products entered the market.
• TETCO announces GACP-Licence obtention from Infarmed.

Combining thyme terpenes with CBD/CBG enhances anti-inflammatory effects for treating skin conditions, demonstrating promising therapeutic potential.

• Registration open until October 18th for a microcredential course on metrology in the medicinal cannabis industry by Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre.

Italy Wrestles with Hemp Law Confusion as Medical Market Gains Traction

Italy’s agricultural organisation demands government clarification on the legality of industrial hemp amid a national hemp flower ban.

• Confagricoltura urges the government for clear legal rules on industrial hemp to ensure industry stability and prevent unjust seizures.

Clinn reports that nearly 50% of its 4,000 active patients use medical cannabis for pain relief, with 65% experiencing significant improvement.

• The most common method is oral sublingual administration (72%), and balanced THC-CBD formulations dominate. Medical cannabis offers a safer alternative to traditional pain management options.
• New industrial oil by SOMAÍ and inflorescences by Tilray now available in Italian pharmacies, expanding patient options.

Avextra supports a Phase II clinical trial in Italy for cannabis-based medicines targeting neurodegenerative diseases, enrolling 180 patients.

• Developed a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system to enhance cannabidiol’s solubility and oral bioaccessibility, improving stability and absorption.
• Cannabis extracts demonstrated greater anti-inflammatory effects in intestinal inflammation models compared to individual cannabinoids like CBD and CBG.
  • Cannabis sativa extract shows significant anti-inflammatory effects in human skin keratinocytes, particularly through cannabidiol’s role in reducing inflammation.
• Topical 5% cannabidiol plus myrcene significantly reduced pain and dyspareunia in women with vestibulodynia compared to placebo.
• Cannabinoids show promise in managing BPSD in dementia, with good tolerability and safety. Further studies could solidify these findings.

Argentina Shows Hemp Industry Momentum Despite Regulatory Paralysis

Chaco province unanimously approved joining national cannabis law, aiming to regulate industry, enhance therapeutic access, and boost local production, as well as aiming for sustainable production, employment and regulatory success in the region.

Argentina’s cannabis industry faces regulatory paralysis despite potential for US$1.7 billion revenue and 62,000 jobs if properly regulated.

• First container of industrial hemp grain from Uruguay arrives in Argentina, marking a historic step for the industry.
  • IHS Crops has incorporated HENOLA and BIALOBRZESKIE industrial hemp varieties after three years of validation trials.
  • Argentina adds two Polish hemp varieties to its seed catalogue, aiming for commercial grain and fibre production with international standards.
• THC and CBD drinks threaten the wine industry, facing structural crises from climate change, economic instability, and changing consumer habits.
• Scientific Technical Research Council (CONICET), the Institute of Histology and Embryology of Mendoza (IHEM) affiliated with the University of Cuyo (UNCUYO) offer ethanol extraction and purification services for research, product development, and raw material validation.

At the 68th Annual Congress of the Italian Society of Agricultural Genetics (SIGA), researchers from the Applied Research Laboratory for Cannabis Cultivation (CERZOS–CONICET, Bahía Blanca) presented a study on biomass partitioning at harvest.

• They evaluated three Argentine cannabis strains (Q1, Q2, and Q3) developed by Cannabis Patagónico for vertical farming.
• Inflorescence and trim yields made up 63–70% of total biomass, substantially higher than the commonly reported 40%.

South African Exports are Surging Despite Legal Confusion at Home

After a year of theoretical decriminalisation reform, South Africa‘s cannabis laws remain unclear and open to misinterpretation, creating confusion and unregulated markets.

• The recent attempt to ban cannabis in food products may have been poorly handled, but it highlights the need for reform.

South Africa‘s cannabis exports to Australia surged **264%** in 2024, becoming the second largest supplier in a rapidly growing market.

• Labat sold its cannabis assets, including **CannAfrica,** to 64P Investments for R23 million, shifting focus to technology investments.
  • Labat’s share price doubled after a trading update indicated a robust return to profitability, pivoting from cannabis to tech services.
  • Labat replaces auditors to meet JSE financial submission deadline after missing the initial deadline, facing potential share suspension.

Czech Republic’s Market Grows Slowly Despite 300 Prescribing Doctors and New Entrants

CzecHemp thanks outgoing MPs and welcomes new legislators committed to improving Czech cannabis legislation and regulation.

• Cannabis czeXperiment in Prague raised awareness and funds over **CZK 215,000** for victims of cannabis prohibition through a documentary.

There are currently 296 prescribing doctors according to September data from the State Institute for Drug Control (SÚKL). These include both specialists and also, since April, GPs.

• A total of 41,008 prescriptions were issued in the first 9 months of the year, for over 314 kilograms of flower and extracts, 6,000 prescriptions fewer than in the same period last year.
• Nearly 300 doctors prescribed over 41,000 cannabis prescriptions in 2025, with 90% of costs covered by health insurance companies.
• New Garden Pharma successfully enters the Czech market with a recent shipment, expanding its presence in Central Europe.
• Cannerald secures 400 kg of GMP-grade medical cannabis for 2026 through a new partnership, enhancing patient access in Central Europe.
• Moje Kanape app simplifies cannabis prescription process, allowing patients to select medication and pharmacy without registration, ensuring anonymity.

Thailand Completes Policy U-turn to Medical-only

Thailand‘s government declares cannabis policy complete, focusing on integrated drug control and limiting cannabis to medical prescriptions only. According to Deputy Prime Minister Sophon Saram, the drug problem cannot be solved by one ministry alone.

• He advocates for an integrated approach involving the police, military, local government, and the Ministry of Health. He alleged that previous governments had wasted more than ฿6 billion on fragmented programmes that had little effect.
• A coalition of medical professionals, academics and civil society groups has submitted an open letter to Public Health Minister Pattana Promphat.
  • The letter argues that the shifting cannabis policy has caused widespread confusion and serious public health concerns since 2022.
  • The Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) has pledged to review restrictive cannabis regulations following mounting pressure from the group.

Dispensary chain Jungle Haze becomes part of Ama Invest, expanding its retail presence as a flagship destination.

Cannabinoids show modest efficacy in reducing pruritus but lack broad support for treating inflammatory skin disorders.

• Cannabis oil may improve appetite and quality of life in systemic sclerosis patients, though results were mostly not statistically significant.

Morocco’s Record Harvest Reaches South Africa

Morocco’s CannaFlex claims to have launched the first Moroccan prescription cannabis product available internationally, Beldiya+ in South Africa

• Beldiya+, a cannabis brand, merges Cannaflex Morocco‘s cultivation expertise with Dra Pharmaceuticals’ medical innovation for trusted healthcare solutions.
• Morocco expects a record cannabis harvest in 2025, with local ‘beldiya’ variety thriving over imported strains in 4,725 hectares.

Long-term storage significantly alters cannabinoid profiles in Cannabis sativa resin, decreasing THC while increasing CBD and CBN concentrations.

• Moroccan cannabis regulator collaborates with UM6P to research therapeutic uses and training in cannabis applications for healthcare professionals.

Lebanon Legalises Medical Cannabis and Hemp Cultivation

The Lebanese government has legalised the cultivation of cannabis (hemp) for medical and industrial purposes, and has established a regulatory body to manage its sale internally and for export to pharmaceutical manufacturers, thus shifting farmers away from illicit production.

• In the western slopes of the Hermel region (in the Bekaa­–Hermel area), an estimated 450 hectares are currently covered by cannabis cultivation, according to the correspondent. The move is regarded as a potential economic lifeline: McKinsey estimates the legal cannabis crop could generate around $1 billion annually in state revenues.
• Analysts say this could help reduce Lebanon’s trade-balance deficit and bolster government revenues via taxation, if properly regulated.

Japan Includes CBN in Controlled Substances List

CBN’s drug designation process in Japan faces scrutiny, leading to withdrawal of the Ministry’s press release and calls for transparency.

• On 29 October, Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) announced a draft ordinance to classify CBN as a controlled substance, following an assessment by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Council that deemed it likely to have psychoactive toxicity.
  • While a public comment period runs from 29 October to 27 November, it’s largely a procedural step rather than a genuine opportunity for public input. The ordinance is expected to be enacted in mid-December, with the ban on CBN sales and possession taking effect roughly 10 days after its publication.
• Liposomal CBD Injection Technology (LPT-CBD) patent was allowed in Japan.

Innocan Pharma’s LPT-CBD patent allowed in **Japan,** enhancing its global IP portfolio for chronic pain management solutions.

EFSA Reviews CBD Safety Amid Market Pressures

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) public consultation on CBD aims to address safety concerns and gather data to refine daily intake recommendations.

Danish Biopharma Companies Report Mixed Fortunes

DanCann Pharma A/S plans to voluntarily delist from Spotlight Stock Market, pending approval from an extraordinary general meeting.

• STENOCARE reported a record Q3 2025, achieving net sales of DKK 1,915,440 (approximately €257,000), an 11% increase, and a positive EBITDA of DKK 59,379 (approximately €8,000).

New Zealand Expands Therapeutic Options for Patients

RUA Biosciences has introduced the Oleo Panacea Dry Herb Vaporiser to the New Zealand market, expanding access to safe and consistent cannabis-based therapies.

• The company positions the device as a low-cost, high-quality vaporiser developed specifically for medical cannabis patients, supporting safe, combustion-free use of prescribed dried flower.
  • Oleo Panacea heats in 30 seconds, offers temperature control from 100 °C to 230 °C, provides up to ten sessions per charge, and features a stainless-steel air path with a food-grade mouthpiece to preserve terpene integrity and minimise contaminants.
• Rua Biosciences record sales achieved in New Zealand, reflecting growth strategy and demand for medicinal cannabis products.

Ukrainian Hemp Companies Granted Climate Funding

The Climate Innovation Vouchers help close critical commercialisation gaps for emerging technologies by funding services such as patenting, certification, and industrial design.

• The Ma’Ryzhany Hemp Company and Ukrainian Hemp (First Hemp Corporation) were selected in the final wave of the initiative, which gave a total of €384,241 to 11 Ukrainian enterprises. The vouchers can be up to US$50,000; individual amounts awarded were not announced.
  • The grants cover up to 75% of costs for services such as certification, intellectual property protection, engineering, and production preparation for companies developing climate-friendly solutions.

Maltese Health Professionals Still Lack Guidance

Survey of 198 doctors and pharmacists in Malta shows 85.9% agreed that there are patients who could benefit from medicinal cannabis.

• 63.6% felt comfortable discussing it with patients. 60.1% reported they do not feel comfortable prescribing it.
  • 69.2% indicated at least an acceptable understanding of therapeutic effects, and 65.6% of side-effects.
  • 71.3% said their formal education on medicinal cannabis was poor, and 93.4% felt curricula should include more on the topic.

Russia’s Military to Handle Narcotics without Licence

President Vladimir Putin signed Federal Law № 397‑ФЗ, which allows military units and both Russian and foreign flagged ships to store, transport, and use certain narcotics in first-aid kits without a licence.

Lesotho Company Secures EU‑GMP Certification

MG Health Ltd received EU GMP Part I Certification from the Polish Authority on 23 October 2025. From their facility in the pristine Maluti Mountains, this achievement now enables direct supply into Poland in addition to existing exports to Germany, the UK, Australia and Czech Republic.

Ireland Researchers Characterise Flowering Genes

Identified PEBP gene variations in Cannabis and hops affecting flowering time, with implications for breeding and adaptation strategies.

Uruguay Grants Funds for R&D

Uruguayan R&D fund offers 5 grants of 40,000 USD each for cannabis research projects to advance knowledge and public policy.

North Macedonia Scales with Fresh EU shipments

New Garden Pharma shipped half a tonne of product to Germany.

Belgium Explores Hemp’s Agrifood Potential

Farmers’ Union explores hemp’s potential in Belgium through collaboration with various stakeholders during a two-day trip to the Netherlands.

Nigeria’s Cannabis Sector Holds Untapped Potential

Nigeria cultivates over 43,000 hectares of cannabis annually, yielding an average of 280 tonnes that could revitalise the economy by legalising cannabis for medicinal and industrial use.

Zimbabwe’s Reforms Sideline Small Farmers

Cannabis reform benefits wealthy investors, sidelining small farmers in South Africa and Zimbabwe, perpetuating inequality and illicit markets.

Vanuatu Amends Hemp and Medical Cannabis Rules

Parliament approves bill to enhance industrial hemp and medical cannabis industry, enabling banking access and foreign seed imports in Vanuatu.